Abstract
This article provides a comprehensive analysis of Benzophenone-2 (CAS 131-55-5), a widely used organic compound. The study delves into the physical and chemical properties, synthesis methods, applications, environmental impact, safety considerations, and regulatory aspects of Benzophenone-2. By examining these aspects, the article aims to offer a thorough understanding of this compound’s characteristics and its significance in various industries.
Introduction to Benzophenone-2
Benzophenone-2, also known as 4-hydroxybenzophenone, is an organic compound with the chemical formula C13H10O. It is a colorless to pale yellow crystalline solid that is soluble in organic solvents but not in water. Benzophenone-2 is widely used in the production of sunscreen agents, pharmaceuticals, and as a precursor in the synthesis of other chemicals. This article aims to provide a detailed analysis of its properties, including its physical and chemical characteristics, synthesis methods, and applications.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Benzophenone-2 has several distinct physical and chemical properties that make it suitable for various applications. It has a melting point of approximately 53-55°C and a boiling point of around 285-287°C. The compound is stable under normal conditions but can be sensitive to light and heat. Its molecular structure consists of a benzene ring with a hydroxyl group attached to one of the carbon atoms. This structure contributes to its UV absorption properties, making it an effective sunscreen agent.
Synthesis Methods
The synthesis of Benzophenone-2 can be achieved through several methods, including the Kolbe-Schmitt reaction, the Knoevenagel condensation, and the Friedel-Crafts acylation. The Kolbe-Schmitt reaction involves the reaction of chlorobenzene with sodium hydroxide and potassium permanganate in the presence of water. The Knoevenagel condensation method utilizes acetone and chlorobenzene in the presence of a catalyst, such as p-toluenesulfonic acid. The Friedel-Crafts acylation involves the reaction of chlorobenzene with acetyl chloride in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst, such as aluminum chloride.
Applications
Benzophenone-2 finds extensive application in the sunscreen industry due to its UV absorption properties. It is used in sunscreens, sunblocks, and skin care products to protect the skin from harmful ultraviolet radiation. Additionally, it is used in the pharmaceutical industry as an intermediate in the synthesis of certain drugs. Benzophenone-2 is also employed in the production of dyes, pigments, and other organic compounds.
Environmental Impact
The environmental impact of Benzophenone-2 is a subject of concern due to its potential to bioaccumulate in aquatic organisms. Studies have shown that it can be found in various aquatic environments, including oceans, rivers, and lakes. The compound’s persistence in the environment and its potential to disrupt endocrine systems in wildlife have raised concerns about its ecological effects. However, further research is needed to fully understand the long-term environmental impact of Benzophenone-2.
Safety Considerations
Benzophenone-2 is considered relatively safe for human use when used in accordance with recommended guidelines. However, it is important to note that excessive exposure to the compound can cause skin irritation and allergic reactions in some individuals. The compound is classified as a skin irritant and a potential allergen. Therefore, proper handling and usage precautions should be taken to minimize any potential risks.
Regulatory Aspects
The regulatory status of Benzophenone-2 varies by country and region. In the European Union, it is listed under the Cosmetics Directive and is subject to certain restrictions. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved its use in sunscreens, but it is subject to a concentration limit. Other countries have their own regulations regarding the use of Benzophenone-2 in consumer products.
Conclusion
In conclusion, Benzophenone-2 (CAS 131-55-5) is a versatile organic compound with a wide range of applications. This article has provided a comprehensive analysis of its properties, including its physical and chemical characteristics, synthesis methods, applications, environmental impact, safety considerations, and regulatory aspects. Understanding these properties is crucial for its safe and effective use in various industries.
Keywords: Benzophenone-2, CAS 131-55-5, physical and chemical properties, synthesis methods, applications, environmental impact, safety considerations, regulatory aspects.
