Palmitic Acid Cas 57-10-3

Chemical Name: Palmitic acid; Hexadecanoic acid
CAS No.: 57-10-3
Molecular Formula: C16H32O2
Molecular Weight: 256.42
Appearance: Flake

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Palmitic Acid (CAS 57-10-3): Comprehensive Technical Guide

1. Chemical Profile & Specifications

Parameter Specification
Chemical Formula C16H32O2
Molecular Weight 256.424 g/mol
Appearance White crystalline wax
Melting Point 63.1°C
Boiling Point 271.5°C @ 1mmHg
350°C (varies by measurement)
Density 0.849 g/mL @ 70°C
Solubility Insoluble in water
Soluble in ethanol, chloroform, ether

2. Industrial & Commercial Applications

Core Functional Roles:

  • Surfactant Base: Primary component in sodium/potassium salts for soap production
  • Lubricant Additive: Metal soap formulations for high-temperature applications
  • Pharmaceutical Excipient: Sustained-release matrix in depot injections (e.g., Paliperidone palmitate)
  • Food Technology: Texture modifier in dairy products (≤2% in vegetable oils)
  • Research Reagent: Induces endoplasmic reticulum stress in cellular models

3. Functional Properties & Mechanism

Key Performance Characteristics:

  • Carbon Chain Length: C16 provides optimal balance between hydrophobicity and processability
  • Thermal Stability: Maintains integrity up to 200°C in lipid formulations
  • β-Oxidation Profile: Primary substrate for mitochondrial energy metabolism studies
  • GRP78/CHOP Pathway Activation: 2.5-fold increase observed at 500μM concentration in murine models

4. Comparative Analysis

Parameter Palmitic Acid Stearic Acid (C18:0) Myristic Acid (C14:0)
Chain Length C16 C18 C14
Melting Point 63.1°C 69.3°C 54.4°C
Soap Hardness Medium High Low
Oxidation Stability High (SV 220-235) Very High Moderate

5. Industry Case Studies

Case 1: Personal Care Formulation

Client: Top 3 EU Cosmetic Manufacturer
Application: Cold-process soap base modification
Solution: 40% palmitic acid content achieved 22% hardness increase vs. pure coconut oil base

Case 2: Pharmaceutical Development

Client: US Biotech Startup
Application: Monthly antipsychotic injection platform
Result: Sustained API release over 28±3 days confirmed in Phase I trials

Case 3: Food Technology

Client: Asian Dairy Conglomerate
Challenge: Low-fat cheese texture optimization
Outcome: 0.8% palmitate esterification improved melt characteristics to 89% of full-fat control

Technical Inquiry & Custom Solutions

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