Butanethiol (CAS 109-79-5): Comprehensive Technical Overview
Table of Contents
1. Chemical Identification & Properties
| Parameter | Specification |
|---|---|
| CAS Number | 109-79-5 |
| IUPAC Name | 1-Butanethiol |
| Molecular Formula | C4H10S |
| Molecular Weight | 90.19 g/mol |
| Structural Formula | CH3CH2CH2CH2SH |
2. Physical & Chemical Characteristics
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Appearance | Clear, colorless to yellowish liquid |
| Odor | Strong skunk-like odor (detectable at 10 ppb) |
| Boiling Point | 98-99°C |
| Melting Point | -116°C |
| Density | 0.842 g/cm3 at 25°C |
| Flash Point | 12°C (Tag closed cup) |
| Solubility | 0.6 g/L in water (20°C), miscible with organic solvents |
| Vapor Pressure | 46.3 mmHg at 25°C |
3. Applications & Industrial Uses
Primary Applications:
- Chemical intermediate in pesticide production
- Odorant in natural gas detection systems
- Flavoring agent in food industry (GRAS status)
- Rubber vulcanization accelerator
- Pharmaceutical intermediate
4. Safety & Handling Protocols
| Hazard Type | Precautionary Measures |
|---|---|
| Flammability | Class IB Flammable Liquid (NFPA 30) |
| Health Hazards |
|
| Protective Equipment | Chemical goggles, NIOSH-approved respirator, neoprene gloves |
5. Storage & Transportation Guidelines
| Parameter | Requirement |
|---|---|
| Storage Temperature | 2-8°C in cool, well-ventilated area |
| Container Type | Stainless steel or HDPE containers |
| UN Number | UN 1228 |
| Transport Class | 3 (Flammable Liquid) |
6. Environmental Considerations
- Biodegradation: 85% in 28 days (OECD 301F)
- Aquatic Toxicity: LC50 (96h) 1.2 mg/L (Rainbow trout)
- Atmospheric Lifetime: 1-2 days
- Waste Disposal: Incineration with afterburner and scrubber
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